博客來好書推薦-隱喻與認知－宅宅書庫的部落格

博客來語言學習-語言學分類新書上市

　　長期以來，隱喻只被認為是一種譬喻法，一種文學上的修辭技巧，然而這樣的想法，在仔細觀察生活週遭的語言使用後，很快就會被推翻。隱喻其實並不只是為潤飾而存在，它大量的存在於人類言談及思想中；我們習以為常的語言，其實反映了人類如何了解自己的語言與經驗。

　　隱喻是人類概念系統的一部分，許多我們思考的方式，我們所經驗的事物都是隱喻的某一種表徵；我們思考以及了解這個世界的方式，其實在某個層面上受到了限制，只是我們往往無所覺。本課程以日常生活的語言現象為基礎，藉由探索「隱喻」的本質與應用，帶領讀者一探人類思維模式的靈活運用，探索思想認知之奧秘，以及文化對人類思維模式的影響。

課程簡介

　　一、課程名稱：隱喻與認知

　　二、所屬領域：人文

　　三、學分數：2

　　四、任課教師：蘇以文

　　五、課程說明：
　　（一）本課程開授目的：本計畫擬透過開設通識課程的方式，以跨學科思考的方式帶領學生研討此經典之內容。本計畫擬由日常生活的語言現象為基礎，逐步帶領學生，進入人類思維模式及認知科學的世界。在1980所出版的Metaphors We Live By, Lakoff and Johnson為認知語言學的研究奠定了里程碑。我們希望藉此能使學生瞭解隱喻及思想的本質，及瞭解其在語言學及認知科學其他研究領域中的角色；使學生能瞭解語言及思想的譬喻性，及文化對人類思維模式的影響及互動關係。
　　（二）本課程共列11個講授單元，每一講授單元包括下列各項：
　　1. 講授內容摘要
　　2. 閱讀作業及思考問題
　　3. 參考讀物
　　4. 參考英語語料

　　六、教材：
　　Lakoff, G. and M. Johnson 1980. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

　　七、課程進度
　　第一講隱喻與思維的本質
　　Ch1　Concepts We Live By
　　Ch2　The Systematicity of Metaphorical Concepts
　　Ch3　Metaphorical Systematicity: Highlighting and Hiding
　　第二講概念的方位性與文化思維
　　Ch4　Orientational Metaphors
　　Ch5　Metaphor and Cultural Coherence
　　第三講　對實體的感知與思維
　　Ch6　 Ontological Metaphors
　　Ch7　 Personification
　　Ch8　 Metonymy
　　第四講　概念系統的一致性
　　Ch9　 Challenges to Metaphorical Coherence
　　Ch10 Some Further Examples
　　Ch11 The Partial Nature of Metaphorical Structuring
　　第五講　結構性隱喻、譬喻性思維、一般性思維及其經驗基礎
　　Ch12　How Is Our Conceptual System Grounded?
　　Ch13　The Grounding of Structural Metaphors
　　Ch14　Causation: Partly Emergent and Partly Metaphorical
　　第六講　概念性隱喻、思維建構及經驗整體性
　　Ch15　The Coherent Structuring of Experience
　　Ch16　Metaphorical Coherence
　　Ch17　Complex Coherence across Metaphors
　　第七講　概念結構及基礎理論
　　Ch18　Some Consequences for Theories of Conceptual Structure
　　第八講　隱喻、思維與意義
　　Ch19　Definition and Understanding
　　Ch20　How Metaphor Can Give Meaning to Form
　　Ch21　New Meaning
　　第九講　意義與真實
　　Ch22　The Creation of Similarity
　　Ch23　Metaphor, Truth, and Action
　　Ch24　Truth
　　第十講　語言：客觀還是主觀？
　　Ch25　The Myths of Objectivism and Subjectivism
　　Ch26　The Myth of Objectivism in Western Philosophy and Linguistics
　　Ch27　How Metaphor Reveals the Limitations of the Myth of Objectivism
　　Ch28　Some Inadequacies of the Myth of Subjectivism
　　第十一講　結語：語言與思維的經驗基礎
　　Ch29　The Experientialist Alternative: Giving New Meaning to the Old Myths
　　Ch30　Understanding

　　八基本參考書
　　Lakoff, G. and M. Johnson 1980. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

　　九課外閱讀參考書目
　　．Ahrens, Kathleen. 2001. When love is not digested: Underlying reasons for source to target domain pairing in the Contemporary Theory of Metaphor. In the Proceedings of the First Cognitive Linguistics Conference, Cheng-Chi University, Taiwan.
　　．Black, Max. 1962. Models and Metaphors. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
　　．Bolinger, Dwight. 1977. Meaning and Form. London: Longman.
　　．Borkin, Ann. 1985. Problems in Form and Function. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
　　．Bybee, Joan. 1985. Morphology. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
　　．Cienki, Alan (1999). Metaphors and cultural models as profiles and bases. In Raymond W. Gibbs, Jr., and Gerard J. Steen (eds.), Metaphor in Cognitive Linguistics: Selected Papers from the Fifth International Cognitive Linguistics Conference, 189-203. Amsterdam/Philadelphia.
　　．Cooper, William E., and John Robert Ross. 1975. World order. In Robin E. Grossman, L. James San, and Timothy J. Vance, (eds.), Functionalism. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society.
　　．Dahl, Oyvind. 1995. When the future comes from behind: Malagasy and other time concepts and some consequences for communication. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 19:2, 197-210.
　　．Davidson, Donald. 1978. What metaphors mean. Critical Inquiry 5:1, 31-47.
　　．Frege, Gottlob. 1966. On Sense and Reference. In P. Geach and M. Black, (eds.), Translation from the Philosophical Writings of Gottlob Frege. Oxford: Balckwell.
　　．Gallagher, Shaun. 1995. Body schema and intentionality. In Jose Bermedez, Noami Eilan, Anthony Marcel (eds.), The Body and the Self, 225-244. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
　　．Grice, H. P. 1957. Meaning. Philosophical Review 66:　377-88.
　　．Hill, Clifford A. 1982. Up/down, front/back, left/right: A constrastive study of Hausa and English In J. Weissenbord and W. Klein (eds.), Here and There: Cross-linguistic Studies on Deixis and Demonstration, 13-42. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
　　．Jackendoff, Ray S. 1983. Semantics and Cognition－Chapter 1: Semantic Structure and Conceptual Structure. Cambridge, MA: MIT press, 3-22.
　　．──. 1990. Semantic Structures－Chapter 1: Overview of Conceptual Semantics. Cambridge: MIT Press, 7-41.
　　．Johnson, Mark. 1987. The Body in the Mind: The Bodily Basis of Meaning, Imagination, and Reason. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
　　．Klein, Harriet. 1987. The future precedes the past: Time in Toba In Word, vol. 38:3.
　　．Koffka, Kurt. 1935. Principles of Gestalt Psychology. London: Lund Humphries.
　　．Kovecses, Zoltan. 1986. Metaphors of Anger, Pride, and Love. A Lexical Approach to the Structure of Concepts. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
　　．──. 1990. Emotion Concepts. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
　　．Lakoff, George. 1972. Linguistics and Natural Logic. In Donald Davidson and Gilbert Harman, (eds.), Semantics of Natural Language. Dordrecht: D. Reidel.
　　．──. 1987. Women, Fire and Dangerous Things. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
　　．──. 1990. The Invariance Hypothesis: Is Abstract Reason Based on Image-Schemase Cognitive Linguistics 1:1, 39-74.
　　．──. 1993. The Contemporary Theory of Metaphor. In A. Ortony, (ed.), Metaphor and Thought. 2nd. ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
　　．──. 1996. Moral Politics: What Conservatives Know That Liberals Don’t. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
　　．Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson. 1981. The metaphorical structure of the human conceptual system. In D.A. Norman, (ed.), Perspectives on Cognitive Science, 193-206. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
　　．Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson. 1999. Philosophy in the Flesh: The Embodied Mind and Its Challenge to Western Thought. New York: Basic Books.
　　．Lakoff, George and Mark Turner. 1989. More than Cool Reason: A Field Guide to Poetic Metaphors. Chicago: Chicago Press.
　　．Lakoff, George, and Rafael Nueez. 2000. Where Mathematics Comes From: How the Embodied Mind Brings Mathematics into Being. New York: Basic Books.
　　．Montague, Richard. 1974. Formal Philosophy. New Haven: Yale University Press.
　　．Richards, I. A. 1936. The Philosophy of Rhetoric. London: Oxford University Press.
　　．Rosch, Eleanor. 1977. Human categorization. In N. Warren, (ed.), Advances in Cross-cultural Psychology. New York: Academic Press.
　　．Su, Lily I-wen. 1999a. To “run” a marriage: Conceptualization of marriage in current Chinese. AISB’99 Workshop on Metaphor, Artificial Intelligence & Cognition. Edinburgh University.
　　．──. 1999b. Thought as food: Conceptual metaphors in Chinese. Working Papers in Linguistic, Vol. 2 (Dec 1999), 199-224. National Taiwan University.
　　．──. 1999c. Metaphorical extension and lexical meaning. The 13th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information, and Computation. Taipei.
　　．──. 2002a. What can metaphor tell us about culture?”　Language and Linguistics 3(3): 589-614, Taipei: Academia Sinica.
　　．── . 2002b. What can metaphor tell us about conceptuali- zation and culture? Proceedings of the Symposium on Selected NSC Projects on General Linguistics 1998-　2000. National Taiwan University, Taipei.
　　．Turner, Mark. 1987. Death Is the Mother of Beauty: Mind, Metaphor, Criticism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
　　．──. 1996. The Literary Mind. New York: Oxford University Press.
　　．Vosniadou, Stella. and Andrew. Ortony. 1989. Similarity and analogical reasoning: A synthesis. In Stella Vosniadon and Andrew Ortony, (eds.), Similarity and Analogical Reasoning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
　　．Yu, Ning. 2001. What does our face mean to use Pragmatics & Cognition 9:1, 1–36.
　　．Yu, Ning. 2002. Body and emotion: Body parts in Chinese expression of emotion. In Nick Enfield and Anna Wierzbicka (eds.) The Body in Description of Emotion: Cross-Linguistic Studies, special issue of Pragmatics and Cognition 10(1/2): 341–367